China’s Climate Transition: Outlook 2023
Ob China seine aktuellen Klimaziele erreichen bzw. übertreffen kann, ist möglicherweise der wichtigste Faktor im globalen Kampf gegen den Klimawandel. Derzeit werden allerdings Fortschritte bei der Nutzung sauberer Energie durch den anhaltenden Ausbau der Kohlekapazitäten und einen schnellen Anstieg des Energieverbrauchs untergraben.
Um erfolgreich einen Peak und einen schnellen Rückgang der Emissionen zu erreichen, bedarf China verstärkter Anstrengungen zur Energieeffizienz, einer erfolgreichen Transformation des Wirtschaftswachstumsmodells oder noch höherer Investitionen in saubere Energie.
Produktdetails
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Contents
Executive summary
1 Introduction
2 Understanding China’s greenhouse gas emissions
2.1 The meteoric rise of emissions
2.2 China’s emissions in an international context
3 Pathways to carbon neutrality for China and the world
3.1 Overview
3.2 Global pathways
3.2.1 Central Banks and Supervisors Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS)
3.2.2 Climate Action Tracker (CAT)
3.2.3 International Energy Agency (IEA)
3.3 Pathways for China
3.3.1 Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable Development (ICCSD)
3.3.2 School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University (SENR-RMU)
3.3.3 Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Academy of Environmental Planning (CAEP-IAE) and Electric Power Planning and Engineering Institute (EPPEI)
3.3.4 North China Electric Power University (NCEPU) and Peking University (PKU)
3.3.5 Energy Foundation China (EFC) and Center for Global Sustainability at the University of Maryland (CGS-UMD)
4 Measuring and benchmarking China’s progress
4.1 Total CO2 emissions
4.1.1 Trends compared to benchmarks
4.1.2 Policies in place
4.1.3 Data disclosure
4.2 Non-CO2 greenhouse gases
4.2.1 Policies in place
4.2.2 Data disclosure
4.3 Total energy supply and demand
4.3.1 Trends compared to benchmarks
4.3.2 Policies in place: Action for green and low-carbon energy transition
4.3.3 Data disclosure
4.4 Electricity generation and capacity
4.4.1 Trends compared to benchmarks
4.4.2 Focus on: China’s Coal Power Surge
4.4.3 Policies in place
4.4.4 Data disclosure
4.5 Industry
4.5.1 Trends compared to benchmarks
4.5.2 Policies in place: Peaking carbon dioxide emissions in industry
4.5.3 Focus: Iron and steel
4.5.4 Data disclosure
4.6 Buildings
4.6.1 Trends compared to benchmarks
4.6.2 Policies in place: Peaking carbon dioxide emissions in the residential sector
4.6.3 Data disclosure
4.7 Transport
4.7.1 Trends compared to benchmarks
4.7.2 Policies in place: Actions for promoting green and low-carbon transportation
4.7.3 Data disclosure
4.8 Provincial actions
4.8.1 Policies in place: China’s climate transition requires collective efforts on provincial
level
4.8.2 Recent adjustments to targets
5 Expert survey and interviews
5.1 Total emission of carbon dioxide
5.2 Consumption of primary energy and coal
5.3 The power sector
5.4 The industrial sectors
5.5 The transportation sector
5.6 New dynamics
6 Conclusions
Appendix: Historical data sources
Abbreviations